Harvesting history affects soil respiration and litterfall but not overall carbon balance in boreal Norway spruce forests

Abstract

Understanding long-term effects of clear-cutting on current soil carbon (C) fluxes in boreal forests is important in the perspective of global C cycling and future forest management decisions. We studied twelve pairs of forest stands in South-Eastern Norway, each comprised of one previously clear-cut stand and one near-natural stand with similar macroclimate, topography and soil properties. We measured aboveground tree litterfall continuously during two consecutive years and soil respiration fluxes monthly during the snow-free period of one year. Ground vegetation litterfall was estimated from destructive biomass sampling. The previously clear-cut stands had on average 12 % higher annual soil respiration rates, 20 % greater tree litterfall, and tended to have greater total aboveground litterfall (12 %), while the near-natural stands had greater litterfall from ground vegetation (45 %). Litterfall from ground vegetation was strongly linked with below-canopy light transmission, but the contribution of this flux to the total aboveground litterfall was minor. Soil respiration rates were related to microclimate, nitrogen concentration in aboveground tree litter and tree basal area. Though, only basal area could be linked to management type differences in soil respiration, that likely has additional unidentified drivers. We found similar temperature sensitivities of soil respiration in the two management types. We emphasise that age of the dominating trees is an integrated part of the differences between these two types of forest stands. Jointly, our results suggest limited differences in the current net soil C balance of near-natural and previously clear-cut stands.